Which is the largest pyramid in the world?

The ancient Egyptians built large and elaborate pyramids as tombs for their kings, the pharaohs. They were built of huge stone blocks and took a couple of decades to build.  The three pyramids of Giza are the most famous. They were built in the 26th century B.C. 

The largest pyramid of Giza is called the Great Pyramid of Khufu.  It is also the largest and grandest pyramid ever built. It is 479 feet tall (146 meters).  The pharaoh Sneferu built this pyramid for his son, Khufu, in 2540 B.C.  It was built from millions of blocks of limestone and granite. There are also two smaller pyramids in Giza built for Khufu's son and his grandson.  This was the last great pyramid built.  It took a very long time and was very expensive.  Inside there are a few rooms and passageways to connect them.  After Khufu's body was placed inside, the entrance was sealed.

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How high are skyscrapers built?

Buildings used to be made of bricks and mortar.  They could only go up to 10 stories because of the support problems.  What made taller buildings possible was the production of long, narrow, lightweight steel beams.  They are very strong and take up less space, and they are perfect for holding up tall buildings.  

Skyscrapers have a steel skeleton that distributes the weight.  Designing a skyscraper takes a lot more than the steel beams and deciding how many floors to build. Elevators are also part of the design. Skyscrapers have to be strong, safe and convenient for the occupants.  The taller the building, the more it has to resist vibrations, like strong winds and earthquakes.  All these things require special technology and planning.  So how high can they go?  That really depends on the planning and the budget.  New technology and materials could also change and expand today's limitations. The future may bring super-tall buildings that are like entire cities and that house as many as a million people.

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What are the different kinds of tunnels?

There are three different kinds of tunnels.  Mine tunnels go deep down into the earth to enable miners to get to mineral or metal deposits (and back to the surface).  These tunnels are cheaper to build than tunnels for transportation.  They are also not as safe.  This is because from the start they are not designed as permanent tunnels.  Other tunnels are built specifically for water, sewage or gas.  These are called tunnels for public works. They are built to transport these materials over long distances.  

The third kind of tunnel is for transportation, like for trains and cars. Transportation tunnels have to go through mountains, underground or under bodies of water.  Planning a tunnel is complicated, and it uses science and mathematics.  The way a tunnel is built depends on what material the tunnel has to go through. Building a tunnel through anything is a slow process that involves excavation by digging, blasting or boring into rock. 

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